Wednesday, October 19, 2011

What is Culture? Why is important to society?

Culture is heritage. Culture can be learned as a child or later in life. Culture is traditions, beliefs, languages, writing systems, and histories. Culture is what makes a person different from another person.
It’s important to society because it’s what makes every person different. Culture is what shapes and develops society. Culture is the foundation of society’s beliefs.

According to Webster’s dictionary, culture is ideas, customs, skills, arts, etc of a people or group that are transferred  communicated or passed along as in or to succeeding generations.

What is your personal culture? What has happened in your life to shape your personal culture?

My personal culture is my language, my religion, my traditions.

Monday, October 17, 2011

Poetry

There is a saying beauty is in the eyes of the beholder. I believe that saying is true about poetry. Theoretically there is no way to truly define poetry. Educationally and according to Webster’s Dictionary poetry is the act, theory, or structure of poems. I define poetry as a release of thoughts or feelings, metaphorically or rhythmically. Poetry is a part of my culture because it reflects my character and experiences in life that has influenced, or affected me. I think that’s true of all poetry. I see poetry as being a story of the author’s soul. Poetry is a part of Nicaragua’s culture. They put much emphasis on modern poetry even though it’s said to get bad press or no press at all. Modernism is a combination of romanticism, parnassicism, and symbolism (Villacres, 2000). Poetry has been and still an outlet for political and social commentary. The social condition throughout the 19th Century gave rise to an intellectual vacuum that sought realization through art, science, politics, and other life arenas (Villacres, 2000). The political independence from Spain brought political corruption and violence which furthered a social eagerness for freedom (Villacres, 2000). During the mid-19th Century, Latin American writers’ modeled free thinking French and Spanish romantics to express the disillusion Hispanic condition (Villacres, 2000). One poet who was very influential on Nicaraguan poetry was Ruben Dario. Dario is a modernist artist who describes his poetry as the Hispanic form of the universal crisis in literature and spirit that began around 1885 (Villacres, 2000). Dario is considered the father of the Latin American modernist movement because of his innovative rhythmic and metric structure, and sensual imagery and symbolism (Villacres, 2000). He is attributed with adding a musical, rhythmic quality and an unparalleled sensitivity and cognizance to his verse. One of his poems that I love is A Roosevelt (To Roosevelt). The poem is a letter addressed to the U.S President Theodore Roosevelt. Theodore Roosevelt was the individual who represented the U.S. incursions into Latin America that outraged even nonpolitical poets such as Ruben Dario (Villacres, 2000). President Roosevelt supported a 1903 revolution in Panama that resulted in the annexation by the U.S of territory for the Panama Canal and in 1904 proclaimed a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine which justified the use of the U.S. military to police Latin America (Villacres, 2000).


 Rubén Darío : To Roosevelt

It is with the voice of the Bible, or the verse of Walt Whitman,
that I should come to you, Hunter,
primitive and modern, simple and complicated,
with something of Washington and more of Nimrod.

You are the United States,
you are the future invader
of the naive America that has Indian blood,
that still prays to Jesus Christ and still speaks Spanish.

You are the proud and strong exemplar of your race;
you are cultured, you are skillful; you oppose Tolstoy.
And breaking horses, or murdering tigers,
you are an Alexander-Nebuchadnezzar.
(You are a professor of Energy
as today's madmen say.)

You think that life is fire, t
hat progress is eruption,
that wherever you shoot
you hit the future.

No.

The United States is potent and great.
When you shake there is a deep tremblor
that passes through the enormous vertebrae of the Andes.
If you clamor, it is heard like the roaring of a lion.
Hugo already said it to Grant: The stars are yours.
(The Argentine sun, ascending, barely shines,
and the Chilean star rises...) You are rich.
You join the cult of Hercules to the cult of Mammon,
and illuminating the road of easy conquest,
Liberty raises its torch in New York.

But our America, that has had poets
since the ancient times of Netzahualcoyotl,
that has walked in the footprints of great Bacchus
who learned Pan's alphabet at once;
that consulted the stars, that knew Atlantis
whose resounding name comes to us from Plato,
that since the remote times of its life
has lived on light, on fire, on perfume, on love,
America of the great Montezuma, of the Inca,
the fragrant America of Christopher Columbus,
Catholic America, Spanish America,
the America in which noble Cuahtemoc said:
"I'm not in a bed of roses"; that America
that trembles in hurricanes and lives on love,
it lives, you men of Saxon eyes and barbarous soul.
And it dreams. And it loves, and it vibrates, and it is the daughter of the Sun.
Be careful. Viva Spanish America!
There are a thousand cubs loosed from the Spanish lion.
Roosevelt, one would have to be, through God himself,
the-fearful Rifleman and strong Hunter,
to manage to grab us in your iron claws.

And, although you count on everything, you lack one thing: God!

Saturday, October 15, 2011

Religion



Religion is very important to me. Reflecting on the past, I can clearly see evidence on how my religious moral values have influenced me as a child and stayed with me throughout my life. I have grown to truly value religion because I appreciate the effects it produces in others. I believe religion promotes people to change their lives for the better, giving them hope for the future. I personally feel religion promotes in me a desire to change my life for the better and gives me hope for the future. Religion has a deep influence on culture especially the Spanish culture. For example, when Spanish speaking individuals speak of the future, they use the expression if God willing denoting their belief in a Higher Power. Nicaraguan religion is a blend of fascinating expressions and traditions (XL Inc.). The Republic of Nicaragua endorses no religion (Wood & Berman, 2010).  Freedom of religion is provided by the Nicaraguan Constitution which States that no one shall be obligated by coercive measures to declare their ideology or beliefs (XL Inc.).  However, Roman Catholic is one religion that has influenced the Nicaragua culture in its development.  During the 16th century, Spanish conqueror brought Catholicism in the country with them (XL Inc.) Nowadays, usually when the Nicaraguans speak of “the church” they mean the Roman Catholic Church. Presently, there are 73% followers of Roman Catholic religion. (XL Inc.) Urbanites, women and members of the upper and middle classes are most likely to be practicing Roman Catholics. (Merrill, 1993) The whole country of Nicaragua isn’t Catholic and it’s not the only popular religion. During the 19th Century, Protestantism and Buddhism came to Nicaragua (XL Inc.).  Over a century Protestantism has really gained large followings in the western half of the country (XL Inc.).  There are a tiny percentage of civilians that identifies themselves as Jewish but there is not real practicing community (Wood & Berman, 2010). There are other religious groups in Nicaragua namely the Mormons, Mennoite and the Jehovah’s Witnesses. The rest of the minority group consists of Bahai, Muslims, Buddhists and the Jewish.

Friday, October 14, 2011

Sports




When I’m stressed, one activity I like to participate in is sports. I love sports because it releases endorphins and produces an inner calm feeling in me. I love to play many sports, but I only watch basketball. I believe sports have been an entertaining past time for many individuals and countries. Sports are definitely a big part of the Spanish culture. Generally, soccer is looked as the national popular sport.  Nicaragua has many popular sports that are played such as volleyball, basketball, boxing, and soccer ("Nicaragua sports,”). However, baseball is the national sport of Nicaragua ("Nicaragua sports,”).  Baseball wasn’t created in Nicaragua. Baseball was brought from another country to Nicaragua. Baseball got its start in 1880s (Marlies, 2007). Back then, cricket was the popular sport. An American, Albert Addlesberg, was living in Bluefields convinced two of the most popular cricket Clubs to switch to baseball (Marlies, 2007). The first “official” games in Nicaragua were played July 1891 between Managua and Granada (Marlies, 2007).   The first baseball team founded in Nicaragua was also founded by a non native (Marlies, 2007).  In 1904, United States consul, Cater Daniels, founded team “Boer” (Marlies, 2007). Although, Nicaragua didn’t create baseball, they did incorporate their Spanish culture into this sport. For example, the name Boer like many other teams of Nicaragua teams was named after warring factions at that time. Nicaragua’s professional baseball has been very successful.   From 1956 to 1967 when Nicaragua won 2 international championships: the Pan American series in 1958 won by “Leon” over Mexico and Colombia and the Interamerican series of 1964 which was won by Cino Estrellas over Puerto Rico and Venezuela (Marlies, 2007). However, no team is always successful.  The sport suffered a slump during the 1980s but the national team won a silver medal at the Pan American Games in Venezuelan in 1983 over a U.S. team lead by Mark McGwire, Will Clark, and Barry Larkin. (Marlies, 2007) Many of the old teams are around anymore. The former teams were Cerveza Balboa, Cinco Estrellas, Marlboro, and Oriental ("Liga nicaraguense de," 2011).  The current teams are Indios de Boer, Tigres de Chinandga, Leones de Léon, and Fieras del San Fernando. ("Liga nicaraguense de," 2011)  Baseball is flourishing anew in this decade, and only Cuba is considered to have a better national team than Nicaragua (Marlies, 2007).

Thursday, October 13, 2011

Folklore


There are various genres of stories. There are stories which are told throughout the centuries to generation after generation although not necessary true. They are told for one main purpose as a lesson. The lesson of these stories could be for various reasons including warnings, and history. These stories are known as legends. I believe legends are one of the most creative forms of stories. I believe legends show the creativity of a culture. It can also show the beliefs of the culture or story-maker. Legends have always been a part of any culture and it is certainly true of Nicaragua. Most of the Nicaraguan legends are originated from the colonial turbulence period that Nicaragua lived under the Spanish conquistadors. There are many interesting story tales including “the headless priest,” the old ox cart,” and “the golden crab.” (Travel)One of the main folklores of Nicaragua is La Mocuana. This folklore is known not only in Nicaragua but is very popular within the Spanish culture with many variations. According to Nicaragua,   The legend of La Mocuana is believed to be based on genuine history and it is thought La Mocuana was a living Indian princess. Her father was hospitable to the Spanish conquerors at first but then ordered them to leave. Soon the Spanish forces returned to take over the village and take their gold. The chief of the village had hidden the treasure and his daughter, La Mocuana, was the only other individual who knew of its whereabouts. During a battle between the two groups the tribe gained victory. Sometime later the son of one of the Spanish soldiers came to live near the village and soon fell in love with La Mocuana. She too fell in love with him, and they planned to run away together. She gave him her father’s treasure so they could have something for their lives together. The Spaniard preferred to keep the gold for himself and sealed La Mocuana in a cave, running away with the treasure. La Mocuana escaped through the back of the cave. The heartbroken princess began to wander the woods and was driven mad by thoughts of betrayal and feelings of guilt. Country people say that her sad figure can be seen on dark nights. She is also said to lure drunkards and philanderers to her cave where they disappear. ("Folklore,”)  

Tuesday, October 11, 2011

Corn

Food is one of the necessities of life. I believe food has come to mean more than a means of survival. There are websites, TV shows, magazines all dedicated to food. There are thousands of recipes out on how to arrange all kinds of food in different ways. In my opinion, food is a representation of culture. I believe this based on the way food is prepared into a meal. Every meal is prepared with numerous ingredients, and the way a meal is prepared is different for each family; each person. Meals are different for each person because everyone was taught how to cook differently and they have different preferences. Food can also be a representation of a culture even when not used in a meal. In Nicaragua, a crop with numerous uses is corn.   It’s a fundamental basis of Nicaraguan gastronomy. Its wide usage and derivatives constitute the culinary inheritance by indigenous tribes that in lived in that area. One of the tribes was the Aztecs. Corn crop never started growing in Nicaragua. Corn was first grown in Mexico.  The Aztecs eventually moved from Mexico to various neighboring countries. One country was Nicaragua. The Aztecs didn’t just use the corn for eating. They adopted other uses and religious beliefs of corn.  It doesn’t appear that the religious beliefs remained through the generation. However, corn is stilled viewed as a highly important crop of Nicaragua’s as is evident in their various uses. Some examples include Gallo Pinto, Chicha.

Sunday, October 9, 2011

Reflection

When I first began this project, I had no knowledge of Nicaragua. All I knew was it was a Spanish speaking country. My goal was to learn about the culture of Nicaragua. I was a little reserved about it because I didn’t know if I would find much information. After completing this project, I can reflect back and say that the Nicaraguan culture is very rich and extensive. My most interesting artifact was the folklore. Folklore isn’t just a story being told. Folklore was a traditional lesson being taught. I really like folklore because it showed me that Nicaraguans were very creative and educated despite not having a lot of traditional schooling.  Most interesting aspect I learned about how truly humble they are.  In my research, I never read statements that commented on that fact. I was able to come to that conclusion based on the actions I read they displayed. I believe in America we put a lot of emphasis on sports. In fact we try to monopolize them, making a dollar with every chance we get.  When researching Nicaraguan baseball, I never read about them using baseball to help build their economy. For most of its history, baseball has been very successful; but that wasn’t incentive for them to use in the economy. I believe Nicaragua’s prioritizes sports as just entertainment and nothing more. I believe it’s important to try to learn about different cultures. In learning about other cultures, I began to see a lot of my prejudgments were wrong. This project motivated me to change those prejudgments. It also made me more open-minded. Further, I think in learning about a culture, it makes a person better rounded. I believe that because after learning about more cultures a person is more knowledge about the world around them. Now, I don’t believe in order to learn about a culture a person has to learn a foreign language. Personally, I love learning languages. If I wanted to learn about a culture I’m more incline to learn the language of that culture first. Learning the language first makes the culture more interesting to me. I am prone to learn more but, of course, that is just my preference.

Friday, October 7, 2011

Bibliography

Brians, P. Reading about the world . (Vol. 2). Harcourt Brace Custom Books. Retrieved from http://public.wsu.edu/~wldciv/world_civ_reader/world_civ_reader_2/dario.html
Folklore. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.nicaragua.com/culture/folklore/
Liga nicaraguense de beisbol profesional. (2011, January 30). Retrieved from http://www.baseball- reference.com/bullpen/Liga_Nicaragüense_de_Béisbol_Profesional
Marlies. (2007, June 01). History of nicaraguan baseball [Online forum comment]. Retrieved from http://www.nicaliving.com/node/8289
Merrill, T. (1993). Nicaragua: A country study. Retrieved from http://countrystudies.us/nicaragua/
Nicaragua sports. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.living-history-nicaragua.com/nicaragua-sports.html
Travel, O. (n.d.). Folklore. Retrieved from http://www.orotravel.com/Folklore_of_Nicaragua
Travel, O. (n.d.). Gastronomy. Retrieved from http://www.orotravel.com/Gastronomy_of_Nicaragua
Villacres, D. (2000). Ruben dario. Retrieved from http://english.emory.edu/Bahri/Dario.html
Wood, R., & Berman, J. (2010). Religion. Moon Nicaragua, Retrieved from http://www.moon.com/destinations/nicaragua/background/culture-conduct-and-customs/religion
XL Inc., M. (n.d.). Nicaragua religion. Retrieved from http://www.mapsofworld.com/nicaragua/society-and-culture/religion.html